Teutoburg Forest (site of the disaster of AD 9)

In AD 9 Varus’s army was lured into a forest. Dio describes four days of marching in rain and gale, narrow passes and ranks colliding (56.20–21). Three legions perished together with their commander (Suetonius, Augustus 23).

The Germans captured the Roman forts but did not cross the Rhine (Dio 56.22). The site of the battle is not certain; many scholars link it with Kalkriese near Osnabrück, where Roman coins and weapons were found.